| Lithotripsy | There 
                        are a number of procedures now available to treat kidney 
                        stones. Depending on the type, size and severity of the 
                        stones you have will determine just what kind of treatment 
                        works best for you. Click 
                        here for more information. | 
                     
                      | Cryo 
                        Ablation | Ablation 
                        occurs in tissue that has been frozen by at least three 
                        mechanisms: (1) formation of ice crystals within cells 
                        thereby disrupting membranes, and interrupting cellular 
                        metabolism among other processes; (2) coagulation of blood 
                        thereby interrupting bloodflow to the tissue in turn causing 
                        ischemia and cell death; and (3) induction of apoptosis, 
                        the so-called programmed cell death cascade. Click 
                        here for more information. | 
                     
                      | Brachy 
                        Therapy | Brachytherapy 
                        represents an effective treatment option for many types 
                        of cancer. Treatment results have demonstrated that the 
                        cancer cure rates of brachytherapy are either comparable 
                        to surgery and EBRT, or are improved when used in combination 
                        with these techniques. In addition, brachytherapy is associated 
                        with a low risk of serious adverse side effects. Click 
                        here for more information. | 
                     
                      | Laser 
                        Treatment | A 
                        lithotripsy (lith-oh-trip-see) procedure is any approach 
                        that uses an instrument to break kidney stones into smaller 
                        parts. For the laser approach, a physician inserts a optical 
                        fiber often no bigger than a hair into the patients' ureter, 
                        drawing the fiber upward until it reaches the kidney stones. 
                        The laser is activated, and the energy burst causes the 
                        stone to break apart while leaving the ureter's tissue 
                        unharmed. Click here for more 
                        information. 
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